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中华肩肘外科电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (04) : 309 -318. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5790.2024.04.005

论著

肱二头肌长头腱切断与保留对中老年患者的中、小型退变性肩袖撕裂修补术后疗效影响
严肃1, 束昊2, 吉同岳1, 孙鲁宁2,()   
  1. 1.210023 南京中医药大学第一临床医学院
    2.210029 南京中医药大学附属医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-10 出版日期:2024-11-05
  • 通信作者: 孙鲁宁
  • 基金资助:
    基础研究计划(自然科学基金)面上项目(BK20191505)

The effect of debridement and tenotomy of the long head of the biceps tendon on the outcome after repair of moderate to small degenerative rotator cufftears in middle-aged and elderly patients

Su Yan1, Hao Shu2, Tongyue Ji1, Luning Sun2,()   

  1. 1.The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China
    2.Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029 ,China
  • Received:2024-09-10 Published:2024-11-05
  • Corresponding author: Luning Sun
引用本文:

严肃, 束昊, 吉同岳, 孙鲁宁. 肱二头肌长头腱切断与保留对中老年患者的中、小型退变性肩袖撕裂修补术后疗效影响[J/OL]. 中华肩肘外科电子杂志, 2024, 12(04): 309-318.

Su Yan, Hao Shu, Tongyue Ji, Luning Sun. The effect of debridement and tenotomy of the long head of the biceps tendon on the outcome after repair of moderate to small degenerative rotator cufftears in middle-aged and elderly patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Shoulder and Elbow(Electronic Edition), 2024, 12(04): 309-318.

目的

比较中、小型肩袖退变性撕裂的中老年患者接受关节镜下肩袖修补手术时切断与保留肱二头肌长头腱对术后疗效的影响。

方法

回顾性分析随访资料完整的接受肩袖修补手术的中、小型肩袖全层退变性撕裂的中老年患者共78 例,年龄(59.03±6.86)岁。根据对肱二头肌长头腱的处理方式分为腱切断组(n=41)、单纯清理组(n=37),根据术中肱二头肌长头腱损伤情况,将腱切断组分为充血水肿-切断组A(n=21),部分撕裂-切断组B(n=20);将单纯清理组分为充血水肿-清理组C(n=19),部分撕裂-清理组D(n=18)。收集术后并发症发生情况,术前、术后6 周、术后3 个月、术后6 个月及术后12 个月随访时的疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、美国肩肘外科协会评分(rating scale of the American shoulder and elbow surgeons, ASES)、Constant-Murley评分、加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California,Los Angeles, UCLA)评分及术前和术后1 年的肩肱间距(acromiohumeral distance, AHD)。

结果

78 例患者均未出现大力水手征畸形及肱二头肌痉挛痛等不良并发症。在末次随访时所有患者修复后的肩袖组织均已愈合。末次随访VAS 评分均较术前明显改善,切断组术后6 周VAS 评分明显优于清理组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);充血水肿-切断组术后6 周随访VAS 评分明显优于充血水肿-清理组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);其余组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后3、6、12 个月的ASES 评分、Constant-Murley 评分、UCLA 评分均较术前明显改善,各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者手术前后的AHD 组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

对于中、小型退变性肩袖损伤的中老年患者行肩袖修补时肱二头肌长头肌腱切断与否并不影响患者最终肩关节疼痛和功能。

Background

Rotator cuff tear (RCT) is a common shoulder disease that causes shoulder pain and mobility impairment. The long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) is an essential part of the shoulder joint, which is involved in the activities of the shoulder and elbow joint, limiting the humeral head movement and stabilizing the shoulder joint. The tendon lesions may cause pain and functional decline of the shoulder joint. Neer et al. reported that 95% of the injuries of the biceps long tendon developed from the rotator cuffinjury. Lu Yi et al. proposed that the rotator cufftear size was a significant risk factor for rotator cufftendon disease. Candela et al. pointed out in a retrospective study that the more serious the rotator cuffinjury, the more serious the rotator cuffinjury was. The higher the injury probability of long head tendon of biceps combined. Chen et al. divided rotator cuffinjury combined with long head biceps tendinopathy into six types and proposed treatment suggestions for different injuries. Currently, the injury of the biceps long head tendon is widely regarded as one of the common causes of shoulder joint pain, so some scholars advocate biceps long tendon amputation in rotator cuffrepair surgery. However, recent literature has pointed out that there is no significant difference in the postoperative pain and function of patients with rotator cuffinjury after amputation, retention, or fixation of the biceps long head tendon. However, in the shoulder arthroscopic treatment of rotator cuff injury, there is no consensus on treating the affected biceps long head tendon.

Objective

To compare the effect of biceps long head tendon amputation and retention on the outcome of medium and small-sized degenerative rotator cuffrepair in middle-aged and elderly patients.

Methods

A total of 78 middle-aged and elderly patients (59.03±66.86) years who underwent rotator cuffrepair with complete follow-up data were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment of the long head tendon of the biceps, the tendon amputation group was divided into a tendon amputation group (n=41) and a simple cleaning group (n=37). According to the injuries of the long head tendon of the biceps during the operation,the tendon amputation group was divided into hyperemia edema-amputation group A (n=21) and partial tearamputation group B (n=20). The simple cleaning group was split into hyperemia edema-retention group C(n=19) and partial tear-retention group D(n=18). The incidence of postoperative complications, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, ASES scores, Constant-Murley scores, UCLA scores and shoulder-humeral distance (AHD) before surgery and 1 year after surgery were collected before surgery, 6 weeks after surgery, 3 months after surgery, 6 months after surgery and 12 months after surgery.

Resutls

None of the 78 patients had adverse complications such as Popeye sign deformity and biceps spasm pain. The repaired rotator cufftissue had healed in all patients at the last follow-up. VAS scores in the last follow-up were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and VAS scores in the resection group were significantly better than those in the clean-up group at 6 weeks after surgery, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The VAS score of the 6-week postoperative follow-up in the hyperemia and edema group was significantly better than that in the hyperemia and edema group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the other groups (P>0.05). The ASES scores, Constant-Murley scores and UCLA scores of the two groups at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and there was no statistical significance between the groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the scapulohumeral distance between the two groups before and after surgery(P>0.05).

Conclusion

For middle-aged and elderly patients with medium and small-sized degenerative rotator cuffinjuries, whether the biceps long head tendon is severed during rotator cuffrepair does not affect the ultimate shoulder pain and function.

图1 肱二头肌长头腱病损镜下观 图A:部分撕裂≤50%;图B:肌腱充血
图2 试验分组流程 注:LHBT 为肱二头肌长头腱
表1 基线数据比较
表2 清理组与切断组患者不同时间段VAS 评分比较
表3 充血水肿-切断组(A 组)与充血水肿-清理组(C 组)患者不同时间段VAS 评分比较
表4 部分撕裂-切断组(B 组)与部分撕裂-清理组(D 组)患者不同时间段VAS 评分比较
表5 清理组与切断组患者不同时间段功能评分比较
组别 例数 UCLA评分
术前M(Q1,Q3 术后3月M(Q1,Q3 术后6月M(Q1,Q3 术后1年M(Q1,Q3
总数 78 3.00(2.75,4.25) 1.00(0.00,2.00) 1.00(0.00,2.00) 0.00(0.00,1.00)
清理组 37 3.00(2.00,4.00) 2.00(0.00,3.00) 1.00(1.00,2.00) 0.00(0.00,1.00)
切断组 41 4.00(3.00,5.00) 1.00(0.00,2.00) 1.00(0.00,2.00) 0.00(0.00,1.00)
Z -1.75 -1.18 -0.86 -0.09
P 0.08 0.24 0.39 0.93
组别 例数 Constant-Murley评分
术前M(Q1,Q3 术后3月M(Q1,Q3 术后6月M(Q1,Q3 术后1年M(Q1,Q3
总数 78 46.00(41.00,53.00) 62.00(53.00,67.00) 74.00(67.25,78.00) 89.00(85.00,92.00)
清理组 37 50.00(42.00,56.00) 61.00(55.00,72.00) 74.00(71.00,78.00) 90.00(86.00,93.00)
切断组 41 45.00(38.00,49.00) 62.00(52.00,65.00) 74.00(67.00,79.00) 88.00(84.00,91.00)
Z -1.90 -0.83 -0.09 -1.20
P 0.058 0.406 0.928 0.231
组别 例数 ASES评分
术前M(Q1,Q3 术后3月M(Q1,Q3 术后6月M(Q1,Q3 术后1年M(Q1,Q3
总数 78 48.33(36.67,56.25) 64.16(55.00,73.33) 79.16(65.83,86.67) 92.50(86.67,95.00)
清理组 37 48.33(36.67,56.67) 66.67(55.00,73.33) 80.00(73.33,86.67) 91.67(86.67,95.00)
切断组 41 48.33(36.67,55.00) 63.33(55.00,73.33) 78.33(65.00,87.67) 93.33(86.67,96.67)
Z -0.34 -0.23 -0.27 -0.26
P 0.737 0.818 0.787 0.793
表6 充血水肿-切断组(A 组)与充血水肿-清理组(C 组)患者不同时间段功能评分比较
组别 例数 UCLA评分
术前M(Q1,Q3 术后3月M(Q1,Q3 术后6月M(Q1,Q3 术后1年M(Q1,Q3
总数 40 12.50(10.00,17.25) 26.00(22.00,27.00) 26.00(24.00,29.00) 31.00(30.00,32.00)
A组 21 12.00(10.00,14.00) 25.00(20.00,26.00) 27.00(24.00,29.00) 31.00(30.00,31.00)
C组 19 14.00(10.00,18.00) 26.00(22.00,27.50) 26.00(24.00,27.00) 31.00(30.00,32.00)
Z -0.45 -1.24 -0.89 -0.94
P 0.65 0.22 0.38 0.35
组别 例数 Constant-Murley评分
术前M(Q1,Q3 术后3月M(Q1,Q3 术后6月M(Q1,Q3 术后1年M(Q1,Q3
总数 40 42.50(36.75,54.00) 64.50(52.00,75.00) 75.50(67.75,80.00) 87.00(83.50,91.00)
A组 21 40.00(36.00,53.00) 54.00(50.00,67.00) 71.00(67.00,79.00) 87.00(84.00,91.00)
C组 19 45.00(39.00,54.50) 69.00(56.50,77.00) 78.00(72.00,80.50) 89.00(83.50,91.50)
Z -1.04 -1.95 -1.15 -0.48
P 0.30 0.05 0.25 0.63
组别 例数 ASES评分
术前M(Q1,Q3 术后3月M(Q1,Q3 术后6月M(Q1,Q3 术后1年M(Q1,Q3
总数 40 48.33(36.67,55.00) 61.67(53.33,73.33) 74.16(61.67,85.00) 90.84(85.00,93.33)
A组 21 43.33(36.67,53.33) 61.67(53.33,71.67) 70.00(61.67,83.33) 91.67(85.00,93.33)
C组 19 48.33(39.17,55.84) 63.33(52.50,75.00) 78.33(62.50,85.00) 90.00(86.67,94.16)
Z -0.61 -0.34 -0.65 -0.24
P 0.54 0.73 0.51 0.81
表7 部分撕裂-切断组(B 组)与部分撕裂-清理组(D 组)患者不同时间段功能评分比较
组别 例数 UCLA评分
术前M(Q1,Q3 术后3月M(Q1,Q3 术后6月M(Q1,Q3 术后1年M(Q1,Q3
总数 38 15.50(13.00,18.75) 23.00(21.25,24.75) 28.00(26.00,28.75) 32.00(31.00,33.00)
B组 20 14.00(11.75,18.25) 24.00(22.00,25.00) 28.00(26.75,30.00) 32.00(31.00,33.00)
D组 18 16.00(13.25,18.75) 22.00(21.00,23.75) 27.00(26.00,28.00) 31.50(31.00,33.00)
Z -1.25 -1.37 -1.70 -1.03
P 0.212 0.169 0.089 0.304
组别 例数 Constant-Murley评分
术前M(Q1,Q3 术后3月M(Q1,Q3 术后6月M(Q1,Q3 术后1年M(Q1,Q3
总数 38 47.50(44.00,52.75) 61.00(56.00,64.00) 73.00(67.25,76.00) 90.50(87.00,92.75)
B组 20 47.00(44.00,49.00) 63.00(58.25,64.25) 74.50(70.25,78.25) 89.00(85.75,92.00)
D组 18 52.50(43.25,56.00) 58.50(53.75,61.75) 72.00(66.25,74.75) 91.00(88.25,93.00)
Z -1.66 -1.85 -1.57 -1.09
P 0.098 0.065 0.117 0.277
组别 例数 ASES评分
术前M(Q1,Q3 术后3月M(Q1,Q3 术后6月M(Q1,Q3 术后1年M(Q1,Q3
总数 38 48.33(40.42,56.67) 67.67(61.67,74.58) 83.33(75.00,87.42) 93.33(90.42,96.67)
B组 20 50.00(41.25,55.00) 65.00(61.25,76.25) 83.33(74.17,91.67) 93.33(91.25,96.67)
D组 18 47.50(38.75,56.67) 68.84(62.08,73.33) 83.33(77.50,86.67) 93.33(90.42,95.00)
Z -0.18 -0.16 -0.50 -0.65
P 0.860 0.872 0.618 0.516
表8 清理组与切断组患者术前术后AHD 比较(cm,
图3 肱二头肌长头腱基底部切断,形成“船锚”样结构
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