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中华肩肘外科电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (01) : 61 -68. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5790.2024.01.010

论著

肱骨近端骨折经微创钢板接骨术治疗术后的放射学测量与肩关节功能关系
乐佳迪1, 蔡乐益1, 陈思源1, 鲁建鹏1, 陈龙1,()   
  1. 1. 325000 温州医科大学附属第二医院创伤骨科
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-30 出版日期:2024-02-05
  • 通信作者: 陈龙

Relationship between radiological measurements and shoulder joint function after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of proximal humeral fractures

Jiadi Le1, Leyi Cai1, Siyuan Chen1, Jianpeng Lu1, Long Chen1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
  • Received:2023-05-30 Published:2024-02-05
  • Corresponding author: Long Chen
引用本文:

乐佳迪, 蔡乐益, 陈思源, 鲁建鹏, 陈龙. 肱骨近端骨折经微创钢板接骨术治疗术后的放射学测量与肩关节功能关系[J]. 中华肩肘外科电子杂志, 2024, 12(01): 61-68.

Jiadi Le, Leyi Cai, Siyuan Chen, Jianpeng Lu, Long Chen. Relationship between radiological measurements and shoulder joint function after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of proximal humeral fractures[J]. Chinese Journal of Shoulder and Elbow(Electronic Edition), 2024, 12(01): 61-68.

目的

探讨肱骨近端骨折经微创钢板接骨术治疗术后的放射学参数与肩关节功能的关系。

方法

选取2016年1月1日至2022年6月30日期间在本院由同一位高级职称医师主刀的微创钢板接骨术治疗的51例肱骨近端骨折患者,对这些患者术后3 d内的X线片放射学参数进行分析,包括肱骨头直径、肱骨头高度、垂直中心、颈干角、肱骨头直径与肱骨轴线交角、垂直高度、头结节距离和头钢板距离,并于术后12个月后随访评估Constant评分和快速上肢功能评定表(disabilities of the arm,shoulder and hand,DASH)评分。研究对象分为两组:以Constant评分结果分为优秀和良好以及一般和较差的患者;以快速DASH评分结果分为较好和较差的患者。对两组的基线资料和放射学参数进行了差异比较。使用回归分析评价放射学参数和肩关节功能评分的依存性。

结果

患者Constant评分为(82.55±11.25)分。按Constant评分的结果分类,51例患者中45例患者的评分结果为优秀或良好,6例患者的评分结果为一般或较差。长期随访结果一般或较差的患者通常术后测得的肱骨颈干角、肱骨头直径与轴线交角更大,垂直高度更低。患者快速DASH评分为(12.06±8.55)分。按快速DASH评分的结果分类,51例患者中有43例患者的评分结果为较好,8例患者的评分结果为较差。长期随访结果较差的患者通常受伤到手术间隔时间较长,术后测得的肱骨颈干角、肱骨头直径与轴线交角更大,肱骨头高度和垂直高度更低。通过回归分析得到部分放射学参数的合理范围(肱骨颈干角:117.94~138.21°,肱骨头直径与轴线交角:28.72~46.72°,垂直高度:≥36.61 mm)。

结论

肱骨近端骨折经微创钢板接骨术治疗后,肱骨颈干角以及肱骨头直径与轴线交角较大,垂直高度较小的患者肩关节功能较差。通过回归分析进一步确定了肱骨颈干角、肱骨头直径与轴线交角的合适范围以及垂直高度的必要大小,骨科医生可以当作术中参考。

Background

Proximal humerus fractures are common, accounting for about 40% of adult humerus fractures. Currently, the treatment of proximal humeral fractures is divided into conservative treatment and surgical treatment, which includes intramedullary nail fixation, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Previous studies have shown that ORIF has a high incidence of complications, including varus malunion, osteonecrosis, screw perforation or cut-out, subacromial impingement syndrome, infection, etc. Compared with ORIF, MIPO has the advantages of less blood loss, shorter operation time, less postoperative pain, shorter fracture healing time, and improved muscle strength recovery. Previous studies have found that some imaging parameters may influence the outcome of ORIF. According to our literature search, no scholars have conducted detailed measurements of radiological parameters after MIPO. Therefore, in this study, we correlated baseline data and postoperative radiological parameters of patients undergoing MIPO with shoulder joint function to determine which factors influence surgical outcomes.

Objective

To investigate the relationship between radiological parameters and shoulder joint function after MIPO of proximal humeral fracture.

Methods

Fifty-one patients with proximal humeral fractures who received MIPO with the same senior physician in our hospital from January 1, 2016, to June 30, 2022, were selected, and radiological parameters of the X-ray radiographs of these patients were analyzed within three days after surgery. Humerus head diameter, humerus head height, vertical center, neck-shaft angle, angle of humeral head diameter and humeral axis, vertical height, head-tuberosity distance, and head-plate distance were included. Constant-Murley and rapid DASH scores were assessed at the 12th-month follow-up after surgery. The subjects were divided into two groups. They were divided into the excellent and good group and the average and poor group according to the Constant-Murley score, and divided into the good group and the poor group according to the rapid DASH score. Baseline data and radiological parameters were compared between the two groups. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the dependence of radiological parameters on shoulder joint function scores.

Results

The patients' Constant-Murley score was (82.55±11.25) points. According to the results of the Constant-Murley score, 45 of the 51 patients had excellent or good results, and six patients had moderate or poor results. Patients with moderate or poor long-term follow-up results usually had larger humeral-shaft angle, humeral head diameter, and angle of humeral head diameter and humeral axis and smaller vertical height. The patients' DASH score was (12.06±8.55) points. According to the rapid DASH score results, 43 of 51 patients had good results, and eight patients had poor results. Patients with poor long-term follow-up results usually had longer injury to surgery interval, larger humeral neck-shaft angle and angle of humeral head diameter and humeral axis, and smaller humeral head height and vertical height.The reasonable range of some radiological parameters was obtained by regression analysis (humeral neck-shaft angle: 117.94-138.21°, angle of humeral head diameter and humeral axis: 28.72- 46.72° and vertical height: ≥36.61 mm) .

Conclusion

After MIPO of proximal humeral fractures, patients with larger humeral neck-shaft angle, larger angle of humeral head diameter and humeral axis, and smaller vertical height had poorer shoulder joint function. By regression analysis, we further determined the proper range of humeral neck-shaft angle, humeral head diameter, and angle of humeral head diameter and humeral axis, and the necessary vertical height, which can be used as references by orthopedic surgeons.

表1 51例接受微创钢板接骨术治疗的患者基线资料、放射学参数和随访结果
图1 肱骨各个放射学参数的测量方法注:a为肱骨头直径;b为肱骨头高度;c为垂直中心;d为肱骨颈干角;e为肱骨头直径与肱骨轴线交角;f为垂直高度;g为头结节距离;h为头钢板距离
表2 根据Constant评分,肩关节功能优秀/良好和一般/较差患者之间的相关基线资料和放射学参数差异
组别 例数 受伤年龄(岁,±s) 性别[例(%)] 合并高血压[例(%)] 合并糖尿病[例(%)] 患侧[例(%)]
评分>70分 45 59.18±11.94 11(24.4) 34(75.6) 14(31.1) 7(15.6) 22(48.9) 23(51.1)
评分≤70分 6 63.17±6.71 0(0.0) 6(100.0) 2(33.3) 3(50.0) 1(16.7) 5(83.3)
检验值   t=-0.797 x2=0.704 x2=0.012 x2=3.264 x2=1.109
P   0.429 0.401 0.913 0.071 0.292
组别 AO分型[7][例(%)] Neer分型[8][例(%)]
A型 B型 C型 Ⅰ型 Ⅱ型 Ⅲ型 Ⅳ型 Ⅴ型 Ⅵ型
评分>70分 14(31.1) 27(60.0) 4(8.9) 0(0.0) 1(2.2) 23(51.1) 19(42.2) 0(0.0) 2(4.4)
评分≤70分 3(50.0) 3(50.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 5(83.3) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 1(16.7)
检验值 x2=0.917 x2=6.063
P 0.793 0.095
组别 受伤到手术间隔时间(d,±s) 术中出血量(ml,±s) 肱骨头直径(mm,±s) 肱骨头高度(mm,±s) 垂直中心(mm,±s) 肱骨颈干角(°,±s)
评分>70分 4.27±4.37 94.89±66.15 43.27±3.10 18.49±1.58 28.77±3.46 139.20±9.09
评分≤70分 5.83±3.71 100.0±82.22 41.15±2.66 17.84±0.66 28.37±9.31 151.99±7.40
检验值 Z=-1.409 Z=-0.135 t=1.593 t=0.993 t=0.105 t=-3.294
P 0.159 0.892 0.118 0.326 0.921 0.002
组别 头直径与轴线交角(°,±s) 垂直高度(mm,±s) 头结节距离(mm,±s) 头钢板距离(mm,±s) 术后随访间隔(月,±s) 取出植入物[例(%)]
评分>70分 49.62±9.70 33.64±4.59 10.32±5.22 12.51±4.69 33.42±17.91 18(40.0)
评分≤70分 63.19±7.86 27.91±2.65 10.06±4.23 10.77±5.16 37.67±18.98 2(33.3)
检验值 t=-3.277 t=2.973 t=0.120 t=0.845 Z=-0.512 x2=0.000
P 0.002 0.005 0.905 0.402 0.609 1.000
表3 根据快速DASH评分,肩关节功能较好和较差患者之间的相关基线资料和放射学参数差异
组别 例数 受伤年龄(岁,±s) 性别[例(%)] 合并高血压[例(%)] 合并糖尿病[例(%)] 患侧[例(%)]
评分≤15分 43 59.72±11.39 10(23.3) 33(76.7) 14(32.6) 7(16.3) 20(46.5) 23(53.5)
评分>15分 8 59.25±12.75 1(12.5) 7(87.5) 2(25.0) 3(37.5) 1(16.7) 5(83.3)
检验值   t=0.106 x2=0.045 x2=0.185 x2=1.689 x2=0.007
P   0.916 0.833 0.667 0.194 0.933
组别 AO分型[7][例(%)] Neer分型[8][例(%)]
A型 B型 C型 Ⅰ型 Ⅱ型 Ⅲ型 Ⅳ型 Ⅴ型 Ⅵ型
评分≤15分 13(30.2) 27(62.8) 3(7.0) 0(0.0) 1(2.3) 23(53.5) 18(41.9) 0(0.0) 1(2.3)
评分>15分 4(50.0) 3(37.5) 1(12.5) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 5(62.5) 1(12.5) 0(0.0) 2(25.0)
检验值 x2=2.285 x2=6.579
P 0.316 0.075
组别 受伤到手术间隔时间(d,±s) 术中出血量(ml,±s) 肱骨头直径(mm,±s) 肱骨头高度(mm,±s) 垂直中心(mm,±s) 肱骨颈干角(°,±s)
评分≤15分 3.86±3.63 94.65±67.70 43.25±3.17 18.54±1.61 28.80±3.54 139.36±9.27
评分>15分 7.63±6.26 100.00±69.49 41.76±2.52 17.79±0.58 28.30±7.89 147.92±9.82
检验值 Z=-2.208 Z=-0.200 t=1.256 t=2.339 Z=-1.166 t=-2.376
P 0.027 0.842 0.215 0.026 0.244 0.021
组别 头直径与轴线交角(°,±s) 垂直高度(mm,±s) 头结节距离(mm,±s) 头钢板距离(mm,±s) 术后随访间隔(月,±s) 取出植入物[例(%)]
评分≤15分 49.81±9.88 33.58±4.69 10.32±5.33 12.43±4.77 33.23±18.29 17(39.5)
评分>15分 58.78±10.55 29.66±3.99 10.14±3.70 11.60±4.68 37.63±16.15 3(37.5)
检验值 t=-2.334 t=2.218 t=0.092 Z=-0.440 Z=-0.804 x2=0.000
P 0.024 0.031 0.927 0.660 0.422 1.000
图2 放射学参数与肩关节功能评分拟合曲线注:拟合模型参数均保留三位有效数字
表4 放射学参数与肩关节功能结果之间的相关性(曲线拟合)
表5 放射学参数的合理范围
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