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Chinese Journal of Shoulder and Elbow(Electronic Edition) ›› 2024, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (04): 309-318. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5790.2024.04.005

• Orginal Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The effect of debridement and tenotomy of the long head of the biceps tendon on the outcome after repair of moderate to small degenerative rotator cufftears in middle-aged and elderly patients

Su Yan1, Hao Shu2, Tongyue Ji1, Luning Sun2,()   

  1. 1.The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China
    2.Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029 ,China
  • Received:2024-09-10 Online:2024-11-05 Published:2025-01-17
  • Contact: Luning Sun

Abstract:

Background

Rotator cuff tear (RCT) is a common shoulder disease that causes shoulder pain and mobility impairment. The long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) is an essential part of the shoulder joint, which is involved in the activities of the shoulder and elbow joint, limiting the humeral head movement and stabilizing the shoulder joint. The tendon lesions may cause pain and functional decline of the shoulder joint. Neer et al. reported that 95% of the injuries of the biceps long tendon developed from the rotator cuffinjury. Lu Yi et al. proposed that the rotator cufftear size was a significant risk factor for rotator cufftendon disease. Candela et al. pointed out in a retrospective study that the more serious the rotator cuffinjury, the more serious the rotator cuffinjury was. The higher the injury probability of long head tendon of biceps combined. Chen et al. divided rotator cuffinjury combined with long head biceps tendinopathy into six types and proposed treatment suggestions for different injuries. Currently, the injury of the biceps long head tendon is widely regarded as one of the common causes of shoulder joint pain, so some scholars advocate biceps long tendon amputation in rotator cuffrepair surgery. However, recent literature has pointed out that there is no significant difference in the postoperative pain and function of patients with rotator cuffinjury after amputation, retention, or fixation of the biceps long head tendon. However, in the shoulder arthroscopic treatment of rotator cuff injury, there is no consensus on treating the affected biceps long head tendon.

Objective

To compare the effect of biceps long head tendon amputation and retention on the outcome of medium and small-sized degenerative rotator cuffrepair in middle-aged and elderly patients.

Methods

A total of 78 middle-aged and elderly patients (59.03±66.86) years who underwent rotator cuffrepair with complete follow-up data were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment of the long head tendon of the biceps, the tendon amputation group was divided into a tendon amputation group (n=41) and a simple cleaning group (n=37). According to the injuries of the long head tendon of the biceps during the operation,the tendon amputation group was divided into hyperemia edema-amputation group A (n=21) and partial tearamputation group B (n=20). The simple cleaning group was split into hyperemia edema-retention group C(n=19) and partial tear-retention group D(n=18). The incidence of postoperative complications, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, ASES scores, Constant-Murley scores, UCLA scores and shoulder-humeral distance (AHD) before surgery and 1 year after surgery were collected before surgery, 6 weeks after surgery, 3 months after surgery, 6 months after surgery and 12 months after surgery.

Resutls

None of the 78 patients had adverse complications such as Popeye sign deformity and biceps spasm pain. The repaired rotator cufftissue had healed in all patients at the last follow-up. VAS scores in the last follow-up were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and VAS scores in the resection group were significantly better than those in the clean-up group at 6 weeks after surgery, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The VAS score of the 6-week postoperative follow-up in the hyperemia and edema group was significantly better than that in the hyperemia and edema group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the other groups (P>0.05). The ASES scores, Constant-Murley scores and UCLA scores of the two groups at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and there was no statistical significance between the groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the scapulohumeral distance between the two groups before and after surgery(P>0.05).

Conclusion

For middle-aged and elderly patients with medium and small-sized degenerative rotator cuffinjuries, whether the biceps long head tendon is severed during rotator cuffrepair does not affect the ultimate shoulder pain and function.

Key words: Rotator cuffinjury, Long head of biceps tendon, Tenotomy, Debridement

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