The shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) is one of the body's most unstable and frequently dislocated joints from the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics, accounting for about 50% of all joint dislocations. The incidence rate among the general population is about 2%. Shoulder joint instability means that patients repeatedly experience Shoulder joint dislocation, subluxation, or fear of joint prolapse during Shoulder joint activities. It is divided into traumatic Shoulder joint instability and non-traumatic Shoulder joint instability. Traumatic Shoulder joint instability is more common, and most are accompanied by pathological changes such as Shoulder joint bone injury or glenoid lip, Joint capsule ligament injury, or rotator cuff injury. No anatomical healing is obtained after the first dislocation. In the classification, anterior instability of the Shoulder joint is the most common. The first dislocation occurred in patients under ten years old. After Conservative management, the rate of Shoulder joint dislocation was 100%, 94% for patients aged 20-30, and 50% for patients aged 30-40. The curative effect of rehabilitation treatment on Shoulder joint dislocation caused by different reasons was that the cure rate for post-traumatic recurrent Shoulder joint dislocation was only 16%. The method of treating recurrent anterior dislocation of the Shoulder joint has been constantly improved and updated in practice. At present, there are many surgical methods in clinical use.

To analyze and discuss the effect of open Latarjet operation for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint.

A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze patients with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder with shoulder pelvis defect from December 2016 to March 2022. The function of the affected shoulder joint was recorded before surgery (forward flexion and upward lift, lateral external rotation, 90° external rotation, and internal rotation with abduction) . Sixteen cases of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint were reconstructed by the deltoid pectoralis major approach using the Latarjet technique. Postoperative shoulder function was recorded utilizing "outpatient follow-up, telephone follow-up, and WeChat video follow-up," including American society for shoulder and elbow surgery scores (ASES) , Constant-Murley shoulder function scores, UCLA shoulder rating scale, and VAS scores. The patient's shoulder pain, range of motion, muscle strength, and stability were evaluated.

The follow-up was up to March 2022, and 16 patients qualified for inclusion were followed up for 4-42 months with an average of (27.25±16.43) months. ASES: The scoring range is 78.3-100 points, with an average of (89.44±7.35) points. Constant-Murley: The score range was 89-100 points, with an average of (95.50±2.73) points. UCLC: The scoring range was 33-35 points with an average of (33.63±0.96) points. VAS: The score range was 0-2 points, with an average of (1.38±0.96) points. At the last follow-up, the shoulder joint function of patients increased from preoperative (158.75°±4.65° to 165.00°±4.83°) with statistical significance (P<0.01) . The lateral rotation decreased from 58.75°±3.42° to 56.56°±4.37° before operation (P<0.01) . The abduction of 90° was dropped from 80.00°±3.65° to 77.81°±3.64° before the procedure (P<0.05) . Internal rotation increased from 6.38°±1.63° to 8.13°±1.82°. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01) .

Open Latarjet operation effectively treats recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint. The results of the mid-term follow-up were satisfactory.