Surgical site infections (SSI) are infections that occur in incisions, deep organs, or cavities during the perioperative period of surgery and are among the most common nosocomial infections except for urinary tract infections, pneumonia infections, and blood infections. SSI will have a severe impact on the patient's health, and in extreme cases, it will even threaten the patient's life. In addition to the adverse effects on patients, SSI will also bring a substantial economic burden to the medical system. According to the statistical analysis of research data, superficial SSI treatment may be as high as 400 US dollars per case, while deep SSI treatment may be as high as 30 000 US dollars per case. SSI after orthopedic surgery is a severe complication with an increased incidence and a heavy economic burden. SSI affects patients after orthopedic surgery despite the use of prophylactic antibiotics and surgical techniques and postoperative care improvements. Since the surgical incisions of orthopedic hospitalized patients are mainly type I incisions (clean surgery) , statistical analysis of the pathogen distribution and drug resistance rate of the SSI specimens submitted by orthopedic hospitalized patients with type I incisions can provide a reference for clinical treatment and guide the rational use of antibacterial drugs.

To analyze the distribution characteristics of pathogens in orthopedic surgical site infection of class I incision in our hospital from 2012 to 2020 and provide a reference for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice.

From 2012 to 2020, 80 samples of SSI of class I incision in the orthopedic department were collected, and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance rate were analyzed.

Bacteria were cultured in 65 of the 80 incision secretions, and the positive rate of bacterial culture was 81.25%, of which Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 69.23%, and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 30.77%. The highest detection rate of Gram-positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus (33 strains) , followed by hemolytic Staphylococcus (5 strains) . Staphylococcus aureus for ciprofloxacin (10.71%) , levofloxacin (7.14%) , and rifampicin (7.14%) have low resistance rates. The highest gram-negative bacteria were Enterobacter cloacae (9 strains) , followed by Escherichia coli (5 strains) . There were no resistant strains of Enterobacter cloacae to levofloxacin, ceftazidime or amikacin.

The major pathogen of orthopedic SSI in class I incision is Gram-positive bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus aureus, which can be treated with antibiotics with low drug resistance before the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity are obtained to provide a reference for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice.