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中华肩肘外科电子杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (03) : 249 -256. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5790.2021.03.010

论著

肱骨干中段骨折前外侧和后侧手术入路的临床效果比较
李一汉1, 周君琳1,(), 冷昆鹏1, 郭蒙1, 范伯元2   
  1. 1. 100027 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院骨科
    2. 101100 首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-16 出版日期:2021-09-13
  • 通信作者: 周君琳
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金(7202049)

A clinical comparison between anterolateral and posterior approaches for the treatment of humeral mid-shaft fractures

Yihan Li1, Junlin Zhou1,(), Kunpeng Leng1, Meng Guo1, Boyuan Fan2   

  1. 1. Orthopedic Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100027, China
    2. Orthopedic Department of Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
  • Received:2020-10-16 Published:2021-09-13
  • Corresponding author: Junlin Zhou
引用本文:

李一汉, 周君琳, 冷昆鹏, 郭蒙, 范伯元. 肱骨干中段骨折前外侧和后侧手术入路的临床效果比较[J]. 中华肩肘外科电子杂志, 2021, 09(03): 249-256.

Yihan Li, Junlin Zhou, Kunpeng Leng, Meng Guo, Boyuan Fan. A clinical comparison between anterolateral and posterior approaches for the treatment of humeral mid-shaft fractures[J]. Chinese Journal of Shoulder and Elbow(Electronic Edition), 2021, 09(03): 249-256.

目的

采用双中心回顾性研究分析并比较前外侧与后侧手术入路在治疗肱骨干中段骨折的临床效果和并发症。

方法

本研究纳入了2015年1月至2019年7月期间在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院骨科和首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院骨科两家医院诊断为肱骨干中段骨折并接受手术治疗的177例患者。在随访期间,每例患者均拍摄了X线片以进行评估。在术后第12个月随访时,我们用Constant评分系统、关节活动度和Mayo肘关节功能评分系统对每例患者的受累肢体进行了临床评估。

结果

86例A型(II组,n = 51)和B型或C型(IV组,n = 35)肱骨中段骨折患者接受了前外侧手术入路治疗。91例A型(I组,n = 45)和B或C型(III组,n = 46)肱骨中段骨折患者接受了后侧手术入路治疗。I组和II组之间以及III组和IV组之间,在患者人口统计学资料、手术数据、Constant评分、关节活动度和Mayo肘关节功能评分方面无明显差异。而I组和II组之间的总并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P = 0.011)。

结论

在治疗简单肱骨干中段骨折时,前外侧手术入路显著优于后侧手术入路。然而,前外侧手术入路和后侧手术入路在治疗肱骨中段粉碎性骨折中,疗效无明显差异。

Background

Humeral shaft fractures are prevalent for trauma patients. Surgeons usually utilize open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plates and screws to treat humeral mid-shaft fractures. Humeral mid-shaft fractures are typically treated through posterior or anterolateral approaches. It is reported that ORIF via posterior approach is associated with as high as 11.5% of subsequent iatrogenic radial nerve palsy. In contrast, the anterolateral approach has a relatively lower incidence of iatrogenic radial nerve injury. However, few studies have compared the functional outcomes and complications of the posterior and anterolateral surgical approaches as far as we know.

Objective

To compare the functional results and complication rates between anterolateral and posterior approaches in treating humeral mid-shaft fractures.

Methods

This study included 177 patients diagnosed with humeral mid-shaft fractures and surgically treated through anterolateral or posterior approaches from January 2015 and July 2019. We collected the demographic and operation data for each patient. During follow-up visits, radiographs were acquired and evaluated. At the 12-month follow-up, the functional results of the affected elbow and shoulder were evaluated with Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) , Constant score, and range of motions (ROMs) .

Results

The anterolateral approach was performed in 86 patients with type A fractures (group Ⅱ, n=51) and type B or C fractures (groupⅣ, n=35) . The posterior approach was performed in 91 patients with type A fractures (groupⅠ, n=45) and type B or C fractures (group Ⅲ, n=46) . No significant differences were found between groupⅠand groupⅡor between groupⅢ and group Ⅳ in demographics, operation data, fracture union time, ROMs of the shoulder and elbow joint, Constant score, or MEPS. There was a significant difference in the overall complication rate between groupsⅠand group Ⅱ (P=0.011) .

Conclusion

The anterolateral approach showed an advantage over the posterior approach to treat simple humeral mid-shaft fractures. However, this advantage was not observed in the treatment of comminuted fractures.

图1 患者,女性,58岁,跌倒致右肱骨干中段骨折(A型),术前(A)、术后即刻(B)和术后第12个月(C)X线片
表1 各组患者人口统计学资料、受伤情况、手术时间和失血量
表2 各组患者骨折愈合时间和肩关节功能结果比较(±s)
表3 各组患者的并发症比较[例(%)]
图2 Ⅱ、Ⅳ组患者采用的前外侧手术入路,箭头示肱骨干(A)和桡神经(B)
表4 7例感觉全部丧失及运动缺陷患者的手术入路、桡神经损伤原因、神经病变、治疗和临床结局
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